Ralph Closes His Eyes And Pray To God - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 670 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Lord of The Flies Essay Did you like this example? Ralph extended onto the beach wherever the water meets the sand. Laying on the sand, Ralph closes his eyes and pray to God that something would save him, a ship, a plane, literally anything that would keep him out of this madness. He starts to open his eyes and looked up at a huge peaked cap. It was a white topped cap and on top of the inexperienced shade of the height was a crown. Ralph saw white drill, epaulettes, a revolver and many things. A naval officer stood on the sand, looking down at Ralph in vary astonishment. Ralph looked at the officer with unequivocal worry and stood motionless on the hot sand. He wormed his way to the officer trying to get as close as he could to avoid Jack. â€Å"Fun and games, so who’s in charge of this little war you having?† the officer asked with a laugh. Ralphs eyes faltered, he instinctively reached for the creamy shell and his dry lips folded into a frown. Jack started forward. â€Å"You’re talking too much,† he restored snapping at the officer. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ralph Closes His Eyes And Pray To God" essay for you Create order He readies his spear with both hands and inched closer to Ralph. Jack’s tribe obeying their chief’s order, moved in toward Ralph as well, though reluctant and unable to look away from the officer while doing so. â€Å"Now son, put down that spear okay?† the officer instructed. The playful smile on the man’s face gradually melted away as he gathered the seriousness of the situation. Jack broke his eye contact with the officer, now only feet away from Ralph. â€Å"Son, I’m not going to tell you again,† the officer ordered. Placing his hand on his revolver. Ralph’s pupils expanded, his suity arms opened, attempting to leap for the officer. But just before he was able to plant his feet to spring forward, Jack reached for Ralph’s shoulder, pulling him backward by his clavicle. Jack raised his hand and angled his spear downward. â€Å"I’m no thief!† Jack shouted. Showing no hesitation and jamming the lethal end of his spear into Ralph’s chest with a force held bend on having the last word. Ralph yelled out an unearthly scream. His body crumbling into the sand. Blood spilled over Ralph’s ribs and onto the damp shore beneath his scraped bruised feet. As the spear tore through his flesh, a sudden power raced beneath Ralph’s immunity. His knee buckled and he spits up blood. He fell on his back launching himself into a coughing fit. Blood sprayed through his clenched teeth. Sam and Eric ran to his side, bent down and supported his head with the palms of their hands. The twins took off their tattered shorts and used them to apply pressure to Ralph’s gaping wound. It is clear that all life had resided in him had vanished. The one they had once called their leader, all passion, all hatred, all hope, motionless. His vacant eye starred up toward the location of the hiding sun which had failed on all accounts to fight it’s way through the veil black smoke that had now wholly encapsulated the perimeter of the island. The waves came forward and kissed Ralph’s legs and chest before receding, swallowing blood with each passing visit. This scene mirrored itself many times before Samneric finally curled up on either side of him and wrapped their tiny arms around his waist and as their bodies nestled into the sand together. They for the end of civility, the order loss of order and the descent to the shore of their wise selfless chief. A sudden pulsing insulation crept beneath the ground surging toward the center of the spasming island and three energetic fireballs cracked and blew up, climbing up trees with impatient haste sprang upward in a seemingly choreographed succession and the flame screamed at the sky. All that could be seen was sand, fire and a screen of blackness. The ocean boiled silver and orange.

Settling the Debate Is Anthropology a Science

Is anthropology a science or one of the humanities? Thats a long-running debate in anthropological circles with a complex answer. Thats in part because anthropology is a large umbrella term covering four major subdisciplines (cultural anthropology, physical anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics); and because science is a loaded term that can be interpreted as exclusionary. A study is not science unless you are trying to resolve a testable hypothesis, or so it has been defined.   Key Takeaways: Is Anthropology a Science? Anthropology is a large umbrella term including four fields: linguistics, archaeology, physical anthropology, and cultural anthropology.Modern research methods more commonly include testable hypotheses than they do in the past.All forms of the discipline continue to include aspects of non-testable investigations.Anthropology today stands at the conjunction of science and the humanities. Why the Debate Arose In 2010, the debate in anthropology bled out to the world (reported in both Gawker and The New York Times) in general because of a word change in the purpose statement of the long-range plans of the leading anthropological society in the United States, the American Anthropological Association.   In 2009, the statement read in part:   The purposes of the Association shall be to advance anthropology as the science that studies humankind in all its aspects. (AAA Long-Range Plan, Feb 13, 2009) In 2010 the sentence was changed in part to:   The purposes of the Association shall be to advance public understanding of humankind in all its aspects. (AAA Long-Range Plan, Dec 10, 2010) and the officers of the AAA commented that they altered the wording to address the changing composition of the profession and the needs of the AAA membership... replacing the word science with a more specific (and inclusive) list of research domains. Partly because of the media attention, the membership responded to the changes, and, by the end of 2011, the AAA had put back the word science and added the following verbiage which still stands in their current long-range plans statement: The strength of Anthropology lies in its distinctive position at the nexus of the sciences and humanities, its global perspective, its attention to the past and the present, and its commitment to both research and practice. (AAA Long-Range Plan, Oct 14, 2011) Defining Science and Humanity In 2010, the debate in anthropology was just the most visible of a cultural divide among scholars in pedagogy, a seemingly sharp and impassible split that existed between the humanities and science.   Traditionally, the main difference is that humanities, or so says the Oxford English Dictionary, are based on the interpretation of texts and artifacts, rather than experimental or quantitative methods. By contrast, sciences deal with demonstrated truths which are systematically classified and follow general laws, found by the scientific method and incorporating falsifiable hypotheses.  Modern methods of research today often do both, bringing analytical methods into what was once purely humanities; and human behavioral aspects into what was once purely science. A Hierarchy of Sciences French philosopher and science historian Auguste Comte (1798–1857) started down this path by  suggesting that the different scientific disciplines could be sorted out systematically in a Hierarchy of Science (HoS) in terms of their complexity and generality of their subject of study. Comte ranked sciences in descending order of complexity as measured on different levels of empiricism.   celestial physics (such as astronomy)terrestrial physics (physics and chemistry)  organic physics (biology)social physics (sociology)   Twenty-first-century researchers seem to agree that there is at least an understood hierarchy of science, that scientific research falls into three broad categories:   Physical science  Biological scienceSocial science These categories are based on the perceived hardness of the research–the extent to which research questions are based on data and theories as opposed to non-cognitive factors. Finding Todays Hierarchy of Science Several scholars have tried to find out how those categories are separated and whether there is any definition of science that excludes, say, the study of history, from being a science.   Thats funny–in both the peculiar and humorous sense–because no matter how empirical a study into such categories is, the results can only be based on human opinions. In other words, theres no hard-wired hierarchy of science, no underlying mathematical rule that sorts scholarly fields into buckets that arent culturally derived.   Statistician Daniele Fanelli gave it a shot in 2010, when he studied a large sample of published research in the three HoS categories, looking for papers that declared they had tested a hypothesis and reported a positive result. His theory was that the probability of a paper to report a positive result–that is to say, to prove a hypothesis was true–depends on   Whether the tested hypothesis is true or false;The logical/methodological rigor with which it is linked to empirical predictions and tested; and  The statistical power to detect the predicted pattern. What he found was that fields that fall into the perceived social science bucket indeed were statistically more likely to find a positive result: BUT it a matter of degree, rather than a clearly defined cut-off point.   Is Anthropology a Science? In todays world, research fields–certainly anthropology and likely other fields as well–are so cross-disciplinary, so nuanced and so interwoven as to be resistant to breaking down into neat categories. Each form of anthropology can be defined as a science or a humanity: linguistics that of language and its structure; cultural anthropology as that of human society and culture and its development; physical anthropology as that of humans as a biological species; and archaeology as the remains and monuments of the past. All of these fields cross over and discuss cultural aspects that may be unprovable hypotheses: the questions addressed include how do humans use language and artifacts, how do humans adapt to climate and evolutionary changes. The inescapable conclusion is that anthropology as a research field, perhaps just as acutely as any other field, stands at the intersection of the humanities and science. Sometimes its one, sometimes the other, sometimes, and maybe at the best of times, its both. If a label stops you from doing research, dont use it. Sources and Further Reading Douthwaite, Boru, et al. Blending â€Å"Hard† and â€Å"Soft† Science the â€Å"Follow-the-Technology† Approach to Catalyzing and Evaluating Technology Change. Conservation Ecology 5.2 (2002). Print.Fanelli, Daniele. Positive Results Increase Down the Hierarchy of the Sciences. PLOS ONE 5.4 (2010): e10068. Print.Franklin, Sarah. Science as Culture, Cultures of Science. Annual Review of Anthropology 24.1 (1995): 163–84. Print.Hedges, Larry V. How Hard Is Hard Science, How Soft Is Soft Science? The Empirical Cumulativeness of Research. American Psychologist 42.5 (1987): 443–55. Print.Prins, Ad A.M., et al. Using Google Scholar in Research Evaluation of Humanities and Social Science Programs: A Comparison with Web of Science Data. Research Evaluation 25.3 (2016): 264–70. Print.Stenseke, Marie, and Anne Larigauderie. The Role, Importance, and Challenges of Social Sciences and Humanities in the Work of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 31.sup1 (2018): S10–S14. Print.Storer, N. W. The Hard Sciences and the Soft: Some Sociological Observations. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 55.1 (1967): 75–84. Print.

Importance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline

0.1 OUTLINE OF THIS PAPER This paper is discussed under the following broad areas: Preliminaries 1. Statement of the Problem 2. Executive Summary Main Paper 1. Introduction to Business Ethics 2. Ethics as an Academic Discipline 3. Importance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline 4. The Case Against Business Ethics Education 5. Conclusion 0.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Question 1: Discuss the importance of Ethics in business as an Academic Discipline. 0.3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In today’s highly competitive, performance-driven business climate, regulations are not enough; professional ethics codes are not enough; the old model of â€Å"business ethics† is not enough. According to a 2003 survey of corporate directors†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â€" ª Ethics is the study and development of one’s ethical standards. It is necessary to constantly examine one’s standards to ensure that they are reasonable and well-founded. ââ€" ª Ethics refers to those standards that impose the reasonable obligations to refrain from behaving in an unacceptable manner, such as rape, stealing, murder, assault, slander or fraud. ââ€" ª Ethical standards include standards relating to rights such as rights to life, the right to freedom from injury and the right to privacy. ââ€" ª Ethics has to do with acting ethically as individuals, creating ethical organizations and governments and making our society as a whole ethical in the way it treats everyone. ââ€" ª Ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves as friends, parents, children, citizens, business people, and professionals. 1.2 Definition of Terminologies associated with Ethics What are the differences between values, morals and ethics? They all provide behavioral rules, after all. It may seem like splitting hairs, but the differences can be important when persuading others. Ethics : Ethics may be defined as: rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession. Ethics tend to be codified into a formal system or set of rules which are explicitly adopted by a group ofShow MoreRelatedEthical And Ethical Aspects Of Business Ethics1350 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors in business industry have provided different definitions for business ethics. Moreover, definition varies for different people and different organizations. In general, Business ethics:-- -is a set of moral values or applied ethics that’s drives the operation of business. It’s more than operating a business under existing laws. There is always a question of morality and this morality of values comes from values held by the society. But ethics for each company may have high standard toRead MoreImplementing an Applied Ethics Course at The University of Tampa1506 Words   |  6 PagesWhen pursuing a college degree, ethics is tailored to the course being taught, i.e. Accounting, Finance, and Economics to name a few. Ethics does not appear to be offered as a separate required course for all disciplines, which raises such questions as, is there a need for an ethics course? Do students know enough about ethics for ethical thinking and action? Ethics encompasses a set of principles, philosophy, or theory relating to principles. Knowing how to best resolve difficult ethical dilemmasRead MoreThe Importance of Ethics in Society Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesEthics are moral principles or values that govern the conduct of an individual or a group.It is not a burden to bear, but a prudent and effective guide which furthers life and success. 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With regard to marketing, the first interpretation popping up in your mind probably would be selling products to customers by variety effectiveRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Management Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesPrior to my interview with Dr. Lisa Calvano, I did not have the impression that research was involved in any part of business management. After meeting with her, I learned exactly how important research is to the business management discipline. Research in business management is a systematic investigation that helps to answer complications and problems within businesses. Research in the field contributes to solid management understanding and knowledge. Information from re search is usually producedRead MoreThe Apa Style Of Writing Has Been In Existence For Over1433 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence for over 80 years and has been revised 6 times over that time period. 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I soon joined Magnet Media, a content solutions company that aimed to help businesses make this transition — specifically in social media and digital video. Following my internship, I was hired as a Marketing Coordinator and was able to use my analytical skills and creativity to prepare metrics reports and to provide social media strategy to Magnet’s clients. AfterRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1349 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics can be defined as the critical examination of how people and institutions should behave in the world of commerce. There are many subcategories that we may look into wh en speaking of business ethics, in this essay I will be writing about advertising ethics. Advertising is practically unavoidable in today s world, we see it in the streets, shops, magazines, television, on the internet, hear it on the radio. In this essay I will describe two ethical issues in advertising, show why business

Diabetes and Hypertension

Question: Discuss about theDiabetes and Hypertension. Answer: Introduction Most patients who have diabetes also suffer from hypertension. I have also been identified that there is some overlap between hypertension and diabetes in disease mechanism as well as in etiology. Some of the common pathways for these ailments are inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, as well as oxidative stress. However, recent breakthroughs in knowledge of these pathways have availed new ways and perspectives in which the diseases can be managed. It has also been identified that people can embrace physical activities as one of the protective means against the disease. A critique of the article, Diabetes and Hypertension: Is there a standard Metabolic Pathway? by Bernard M. Y. And Cheung. Chao Li have been put to detail. Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis In the article, it has been indicated that both diabetes and hypertension are the two primary risk factors for atherosclerosis and the complication that associated with the disorder. According to Bernard and Cheung1, some of these complications are strokes and heart attacks. The article has also indicated that there is more than enough evidence that has shown that there is overlap between hypertension and diabetes. The evidence has also made it clear that there is also an excellent relation between the two concerning their disease mechanism and etiology. However, the article seems to avail shallow information regarding the risk factor for atherosclerosis. For example, according to Hu2, some of the major risk factors for this disorder are smoking, high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol levels in the blood, as well as high blood pressure. Kopelman, Caterson, and Dietz 3 argue that blood pressure is a phenomenon that can be grouped into two components, that is pulsatile and steady c omponent. Researchers have also demonstrated a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and pulse pressure. Epidemiological readings have also indicated positive correlations between glucose metabolism impairment or smoking and pulse pressure. More contradicting information have been identified on the relationship between large artery stiffness and blood lipids. Also, Kopelman, Caterson, and Dietz 3, have indicated that atherosclerosis progresses more with increased blood pressure. In conclusion, Kopelman, Caterson, and Dietz3 argues that there is more than enough proof that blood pressure and other risk factors of the cardiovascular are directly associated. Causes of Hypertension and Diabetes The article also addresses the cause of hypertension and diabetes. For example, besides the genetic aspect of these disorders, environmental factors also influence whether a person will suffer from these diseases. According to Bernard and Cheung1, the environmental factors are composed of the lifestyle factors such as physical activities and diet, and also the period in the uterus. For instance, the latter environmental factor is comprised of aspects such as fetal malnutrition, high birth weight, and gestational diabetes. These factors have the ability to predispose the fetus to cardiometabolic syndrome later in the adulthood stage. Lifestyle factors, on the other hand, include high intake of alcohol, sodium, smoking, mental stress, lack of physical activities, and unsaturated fats. The article does not explain how these genetic, as well as environmental factors, influence a person from suffering from the disorders. For instance, according to Leslie 4, genetic factors play a great a role in determining the function and development of the major body systems as well as their susceptibility to the disorders. Congenital abnormalities and rare genetics that lead the kidney to develop abnormally are related to subsequent renal dysfunction occurrence. Hypertension and diabetes have considered being the most common causes of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Both renal and hypertension disorder prevalence vary among people of varying ethnic backgrounds, with the highest rates recorded among people of African descent and the Native Americans. According to Mohler Townsend 5, obesity, especially in the developing nations, is the most concerning condition that aids in the persistence and development of both hypertension and diabetes. Equally important, the fetal periods, particularly in the utero, influence the development of the utero structures. Unlike in the article where they have not mentioned what this condition is referred to as, Brenner, Rector Taal 6, refers to the state as developmental plasticity or fetal programming. Conclusion In conclusion, a critique of the article, Diabetes and Hypertension: Is there a Common Metabolic Pathway? by Bernard M. Y and Cheung. Chao Li have been put to detail. Some of the weaknesses of the article, such as not addressing the issue to detail have been analyzed and compared with other readings. For example, the article mentioned an environmental and genetic cause of diabetes and hypertension without explaining how these factors play a part. Compared with another reading, it has been observed that the article did not avail enough information regarding the causes. It is thus recommended that other readers consult other reading where information in the article appears vague. References Bernard, M. Y. Cheung. Chao Li. Diabetes and Hypertension: Is there a Common Metabolic Pathway? PDF. Hu, F. B. (2008). Obesity epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press Kopelman, P. G., Caterson, I., Dietz, W. (2009). Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Leslie, R. D. G. (2013). Causes of diabetes: Genetic and environmental factors. Chichester [England: J. Wiley. Mohler, E. R., Townsend, R. R. (2006). Advanced therapy in hypertension and vascular disease. Hamilton, Ont: B.C. Decker. Brenner, B. M., Rector, F. C., Taal, M. W. (2011). Brenner Rector's the kidney. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.