Settling the Debate Is Anthropology a Science

Is anthropology a science or one of the humanities? Thats a long-running debate in anthropological circles with a complex answer. Thats in part because anthropology is a large umbrella term covering four major subdisciplines (cultural anthropology, physical anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics); and because science is a loaded term that can be interpreted as exclusionary. A study is not science unless you are trying to resolve a testable hypothesis, or so it has been defined.   Key Takeaways: Is Anthropology a Science? Anthropology is a large umbrella term including four fields: linguistics, archaeology, physical anthropology, and cultural anthropology.Modern research methods more commonly include testable hypotheses than they do in the past.All forms of the discipline continue to include aspects of non-testable investigations.Anthropology today stands at the conjunction of science and the humanities. Why the Debate Arose In 2010, the debate in anthropology bled out to the world (reported in both Gawker and The New York Times) in general because of a word change in the purpose statement of the long-range plans of the leading anthropological society in the United States, the American Anthropological Association.   In 2009, the statement read in part:   The purposes of the Association shall be to advance anthropology as the science that studies humankind in all its aspects. (AAA Long-Range Plan, Feb 13, 2009) In 2010 the sentence was changed in part to:   The purposes of the Association shall be to advance public understanding of humankind in all its aspects. (AAA Long-Range Plan, Dec 10, 2010) and the officers of the AAA commented that they altered the wording to address the changing composition of the profession and the needs of the AAA membership... replacing the word science with a more specific (and inclusive) list of research domains. Partly because of the media attention, the membership responded to the changes, and, by the end of 2011, the AAA had put back the word science and added the following verbiage which still stands in their current long-range plans statement: The strength of Anthropology lies in its distinctive position at the nexus of the sciences and humanities, its global perspective, its attention to the past and the present, and its commitment to both research and practice. (AAA Long-Range Plan, Oct 14, 2011) Defining Science and Humanity In 2010, the debate in anthropology was just the most visible of a cultural divide among scholars in pedagogy, a seemingly sharp and impassible split that existed between the humanities and science.   Traditionally, the main difference is that humanities, or so says the Oxford English Dictionary, are based on the interpretation of texts and artifacts, rather than experimental or quantitative methods. By contrast, sciences deal with demonstrated truths which are systematically classified and follow general laws, found by the scientific method and incorporating falsifiable hypotheses.  Modern methods of research today often do both, bringing analytical methods into what was once purely humanities; and human behavioral aspects into what was once purely science. A Hierarchy of Sciences French philosopher and science historian Auguste Comte (1798–1857) started down this path by  suggesting that the different scientific disciplines could be sorted out systematically in a Hierarchy of Science (HoS) in terms of their complexity and generality of their subject of study. Comte ranked sciences in descending order of complexity as measured on different levels of empiricism.   celestial physics (such as astronomy)terrestrial physics (physics and chemistry)  organic physics (biology)social physics (sociology)   Twenty-first-century researchers seem to agree that there is at least an understood hierarchy of science, that scientific research falls into three broad categories:   Physical science  Biological scienceSocial science These categories are based on the perceived hardness of the research–the extent to which research questions are based on data and theories as opposed to non-cognitive factors. Finding Todays Hierarchy of Science Several scholars have tried to find out how those categories are separated and whether there is any definition of science that excludes, say, the study of history, from being a science.   Thats funny–in both the peculiar and humorous sense–because no matter how empirical a study into such categories is, the results can only be based on human opinions. In other words, theres no hard-wired hierarchy of science, no underlying mathematical rule that sorts scholarly fields into buckets that arent culturally derived.   Statistician Daniele Fanelli gave it a shot in 2010, when he studied a large sample of published research in the three HoS categories, looking for papers that declared they had tested a hypothesis and reported a positive result. His theory was that the probability of a paper to report a positive result–that is to say, to prove a hypothesis was true–depends on   Whether the tested hypothesis is true or false;The logical/methodological rigor with which it is linked to empirical predictions and tested; and  The statistical power to detect the predicted pattern. What he found was that fields that fall into the perceived social science bucket indeed were statistically more likely to find a positive result: BUT it a matter of degree, rather than a clearly defined cut-off point.   Is Anthropology a Science? In todays world, research fields–certainly anthropology and likely other fields as well–are so cross-disciplinary, so nuanced and so interwoven as to be resistant to breaking down into neat categories. Each form of anthropology can be defined as a science or a humanity: linguistics that of language and its structure; cultural anthropology as that of human society and culture and its development; physical anthropology as that of humans as a biological species; and archaeology as the remains and monuments of the past. All of these fields cross over and discuss cultural aspects that may be unprovable hypotheses: the questions addressed include how do humans use language and artifacts, how do humans adapt to climate and evolutionary changes. The inescapable conclusion is that anthropology as a research field, perhaps just as acutely as any other field, stands at the intersection of the humanities and science. Sometimes its one, sometimes the other, sometimes, and maybe at the best of times, its both. If a label stops you from doing research, dont use it. Sources and Further Reading Douthwaite, Boru, et al. Blending â€Å"Hard† and â€Å"Soft† Science the â€Å"Follow-the-Technology† Approach to Catalyzing and Evaluating Technology Change. Conservation Ecology 5.2 (2002). Print.Fanelli, Daniele. Positive Results Increase Down the Hierarchy of the Sciences. PLOS ONE 5.4 (2010): e10068. Print.Franklin, Sarah. Science as Culture, Cultures of Science. Annual Review of Anthropology 24.1 (1995): 163–84. Print.Hedges, Larry V. How Hard Is Hard Science, How Soft Is Soft Science? The Empirical Cumulativeness of Research. American Psychologist 42.5 (1987): 443–55. Print.Prins, Ad A.M., et al. Using Google Scholar in Research Evaluation of Humanities and Social Science Programs: A Comparison with Web of Science Data. Research Evaluation 25.3 (2016): 264–70. Print.Stenseke, Marie, and Anne Larigauderie. The Role, Importance, and Challenges of Social Sciences and Humanities in the Work of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 31.sup1 (2018): S10–S14. Print.Storer, N. W. The Hard Sciences and the Soft: Some Sociological Observations. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 55.1 (1967): 75–84. Print.

Importance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline

0.1 OUTLINE OF THIS PAPER This paper is discussed under the following broad areas: Preliminaries 1. Statement of the Problem 2. Executive Summary Main Paper 1. Introduction to Business Ethics 2. Ethics as an Academic Discipline 3. Importance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline 4. The Case Against Business Ethics Education 5. Conclusion 0.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Question 1: Discuss the importance of Ethics in business as an Academic Discipline. 0.3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In today’s highly competitive, performance-driven business climate, regulations are not enough; professional ethics codes are not enough; the old model of â€Å"business ethics† is not enough. According to a 2003 survey of corporate directors†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â€" ª Ethics is the study and development of one’s ethical standards. It is necessary to constantly examine one’s standards to ensure that they are reasonable and well-founded. ââ€" ª Ethics refers to those standards that impose the reasonable obligations to refrain from behaving in an unacceptable manner, such as rape, stealing, murder, assault, slander or fraud. ââ€" ª Ethical standards include standards relating to rights such as rights to life, the right to freedom from injury and the right to privacy. ââ€" ª Ethics has to do with acting ethically as individuals, creating ethical organizations and governments and making our society as a whole ethical in the way it treats everyone. ââ€" ª Ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves as friends, parents, children, citizens, business people, and professionals. 1.2 Definition of Terminologies associated with Ethics What are the differences between values, morals and ethics? 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Diabetes and Hypertension

Question: Discuss about theDiabetes and Hypertension. Answer: Introduction Most patients who have diabetes also suffer from hypertension. I have also been identified that there is some overlap between hypertension and diabetes in disease mechanism as well as in etiology. Some of the common pathways for these ailments are inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, as well as oxidative stress. However, recent breakthroughs in knowledge of these pathways have availed new ways and perspectives in which the diseases can be managed. It has also been identified that people can embrace physical activities as one of the protective means against the disease. A critique of the article, Diabetes and Hypertension: Is there a standard Metabolic Pathway? by Bernard M. Y. And Cheung. Chao Li have been put to detail. Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis In the article, it has been indicated that both diabetes and hypertension are the two primary risk factors for atherosclerosis and the complication that associated with the disorder. According to Bernard and Cheung1, some of these complications are strokes and heart attacks. The article has also indicated that there is more than enough evidence that has shown that there is overlap between hypertension and diabetes. The evidence has also made it clear that there is also an excellent relation between the two concerning their disease mechanism and etiology. However, the article seems to avail shallow information regarding the risk factor for atherosclerosis. For example, according to Hu2, some of the major risk factors for this disorder are smoking, high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol levels in the blood, as well as high blood pressure. Kopelman, Caterson, and Dietz 3 argue that blood pressure is a phenomenon that can be grouped into two components, that is pulsatile and steady c omponent. Researchers have also demonstrated a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and pulse pressure. Epidemiological readings have also indicated positive correlations between glucose metabolism impairment or smoking and pulse pressure. More contradicting information have been identified on the relationship between large artery stiffness and blood lipids. Also, Kopelman, Caterson, and Dietz 3, have indicated that atherosclerosis progresses more with increased blood pressure. In conclusion, Kopelman, Caterson, and Dietz3 argues that there is more than enough proof that blood pressure and other risk factors of the cardiovascular are directly associated. Causes of Hypertension and Diabetes The article also addresses the cause of hypertension and diabetes. For example, besides the genetic aspect of these disorders, environmental factors also influence whether a person will suffer from these diseases. According to Bernard and Cheung1, the environmental factors are composed of the lifestyle factors such as physical activities and diet, and also the period in the uterus. For instance, the latter environmental factor is comprised of aspects such as fetal malnutrition, high birth weight, and gestational diabetes. These factors have the ability to predispose the fetus to cardiometabolic syndrome later in the adulthood stage. Lifestyle factors, on the other hand, include high intake of alcohol, sodium, smoking, mental stress, lack of physical activities, and unsaturated fats. The article does not explain how these genetic, as well as environmental factors, influence a person from suffering from the disorders. For instance, according to Leslie 4, genetic factors play a great a role in determining the function and development of the major body systems as well as their susceptibility to the disorders. Congenital abnormalities and rare genetics that lead the kidney to develop abnormally are related to subsequent renal dysfunction occurrence. Hypertension and diabetes have considered being the most common causes of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Both renal and hypertension disorder prevalence vary among people of varying ethnic backgrounds, with the highest rates recorded among people of African descent and the Native Americans. According to Mohler Townsend 5, obesity, especially in the developing nations, is the most concerning condition that aids in the persistence and development of both hypertension and diabetes. Equally important, the fetal periods, particularly in the utero, influence the development of the utero structures. Unlike in the article where they have not mentioned what this condition is referred to as, Brenner, Rector Taal 6, refers to the state as developmental plasticity or fetal programming. Conclusion In conclusion, a critique of the article, Diabetes and Hypertension: Is there a Common Metabolic Pathway? by Bernard M. Y and Cheung. Chao Li have been put to detail. Some of the weaknesses of the article, such as not addressing the issue to detail have been analyzed and compared with other readings. For example, the article mentioned an environmental and genetic cause of diabetes and hypertension without explaining how these factors play a part. Compared with another reading, it has been observed that the article did not avail enough information regarding the causes. It is thus recommended that other readers consult other reading where information in the article appears vague. References Bernard, M. Y. Cheung. Chao Li. Diabetes and Hypertension: Is there a Common Metabolic Pathway? PDF. Hu, F. B. (2008). Obesity epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press Kopelman, P. G., Caterson, I., Dietz, W. (2009). Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Leslie, R. D. G. (2013). Causes of diabetes: Genetic and environmental factors. Chichester [England: J. Wiley. Mohler, E. R., Townsend, R. R. (2006). Advanced therapy in hypertension and vascular disease. Hamilton, Ont: B.C. Decker. Brenner, B. M., Rector, F. C., Taal, M. W. (2011). Brenner Rector's the kidney. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.

Accounting Essays (1221 words) - Management Accounting, Accounting

Accounting ACCOUNTING THE LIFE-LINE OF THE BUSINESS WORLD Christian De Church Professor Hercer Communications 215 April 18, 2000 Introduction What goes on in business and other organizations? How are their activities carried out? Who is responsible for them? And, what part does accounting play? These questions and many more are often thought about by many confused and mislead business majors. The main purpose of accounting is to provide useful, reliable, and timely information to people who make rational investments, credit, and similar decisions. Because accountants serve decisions makers by providing them with financial information that helps them make better decisions, accounting is often decried as a service activity. Decision makers who use accounting information include present and potential investors, lenders, managers, suppliers, customers, and other users. Accounting is used to provide information about all profit-oriented businesses. Accountants also provide information about nonprofit organizations such as churches, hospitals, museums, schools, and various government agencies. The people who use accounting information about nonprofit organizations include their managers and people who denote to or pay taxes to them, who use their services, or who otherwise work with them. Whether you are planning to be an accountant, an employee, a manager within an organization, or an external user of the information, a your knowledge of accounting will help you achieve more success in your career. The internal role of accounting is to serve the organization's various functions by providing information that helps them complete their tasks. By providing this information, accounting helps departments such as Finance, Human Resources, Research and Development, Production, Marketing, and Executive Management reach their overall goals. Finance Department Every organization needs money to operate and grow. Organizations use money to acquire equipment, buildings, vehicles, and financial holdings. The finance department has the function of planning how to obtain money from sources such as payments from customers, loans from banks, and new investments from owners. In preparing plans, the finance department identifies and evaluates alternative sources of funds. In addition, finance analyzes alternative investment opportunities to identify which to take and which to reject. With this information, the finance department uses the accounting information about actual cash flows and evaluating past decisions to function. Human Resource Department All organizations require efforts from people. As a result. employees must be located, screened, hired, trained, compensated, promoted, and counseled. The human resource department function is responsible for handling all these tasks of the organizations. The accounting aspect that helps the human resource department function is the payroll and its costs. Employees need to be paid in order to work for the company and their wages or salaries are expenses to the company in which an organization must report for profits/losses and taxes. Research and Development Department As economics tells us, the law of supply and demand, companies need to find new ways to meet the needs of their customers and others. Thus, research and development into new technologies and products or services is essential. This may be as simple as testing a new recipe for pizza or as complex as creating a more powerful computer. Research and development managers need information about the costs they already incurred so they can decided whether to continue their projects. Production Division Many companies produce and then sell goods to their customers. Producing these goods requires planning and coordinating many specific activities. These activities include designing the production process, acquiring materials used in production, and selecting the workers' skills to be applied are all ran by the production manager. The production division of the company depends heavily on accounting information to determine whether its operating costs are occurring as expected. In carrying out its work, the production department operates within a set of internal controls designed by the accounting information. Internal controls dictate procedures that are necessary to ensure that accounting reports about production activities are dependable and useful. Marketing Department Companies can sell goods and services only if customers are willing to buy them. The marketing department provides customers information about goods and services and encourages their purchase. This includes sales efforts that involve contacting customers directly. The marketing department also includes advertising that provides information to large numbers of potential customers. The marketing managers use accounting information on reports about the company's sales and its marketing costs. Executive Management Department All organizations must have leadership, vision, and coordination.

Biography of Tiberius, 1st Century Roman Emperor

Biography of Tiberius, 1st Century Roman Emperor The Roman emperor Tiberius (November 16, 42 BCE–March 16, 37 CE) was a very capable military leader and a sensible civic leader who tried to restrain Romes out-of-control budget. But he was also dour and unpopular. He is known primarily for his trial for treason, sexual perversion, and eventually shirking his responsibility by going into seclusion. Fast Facts: Tiberius Known For: Roman Emperor in the first century CEBorn: November 16, 42 BCE on the Palatine Hill, RomeParents: Tiberius Claudius Nero (85–33 BC) and Livia DrusillaDied: March 16, 37 CE in RomeEducation: Studied with Theodous of Gadara and Nestor the AcademicSpouse(s): Vipsania Agrippina (m. 19 BCE), Livia Julia the Elder, (m. 11 BCE)Children: Drusus Julius Caesar (with Vipsania), Julia, Ti Gemellus, Germanicus (all with Julia) Early Life Tiberius was born on November 16, 42 BCE on the Palatine Hill or at Fundi; he was the son of the Roman quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero (85–33 BC) and  his wife Livia Drusilla. In 38 BCE, Livia was forced to divorce Tiberius Nero to become the wife of the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius Nero died when Tiberius was 9 years old. Tiberius studied rhetoric with Theodorus of Gadara, with Nestor the Academic and perhaps with Athaneaus the Peripatetic. He became fluent in Greek and meticulous in Latin. In his early civic career, Tiberius defended and prosecuted at court and before the Senate. His successes at court included the securing of a charge of high treason against Fannius Caepio and Varro Murena. He reorganized the grain supply and investigated irregularities in slave barracks where free people were detained improperly and where draft dodgers pretended to be slaves. Tiberius political career soared: he became quaestor, praetor, and consul at a young age, and  received the power of a tribune for five years. Marriage and Family In 19 BCE, he married Vipsania Agrippina, the daughter of the renowned general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (Agrippa); and they had a son, Drusus Julius Caesar. In 11 BCE, Augustus forced Tiberius to divorce Vipsania and marry his daughter Livia Julia the Elder, who was also the widow of Agrippa. Julia had three children with Tiberius: Julia, Ti Gemellus, and Germanicus. Early Military Accomplishments Tiberiuss first military campaign was against the Cantabrians. He then went to Armenia where he restored Tigranes to the throne. He collected missing Roman standards from the Parthian court. Tiberius was sent to govern the long-haired Gauls and fought in the Alps, Pannonia, and Germany. He subjugated various Germanic peoples and took 40,000 of them  as prisoners. He then settled them in homes in Gaul. Tiberius received an ovation and a triumph in 9 and 7 BCE. In 6 BCE, he was ready to accept command of the eastern Roman forces, but instead, at what would seem to be a height of power, he abruptly retired to the island of Rhodes. Julia and Exile By 6 BCE, Tiberius marriage to Julia had gone sour: by all accounts, he regretted leaving Vipsania. When he retired from public life, Julia was banished by her father for her immoral behavior. His stay on Rhodes lasted at least eight years, between 6 BCE and 2 CE, during which time he wore a Greek cloak and slippers, spoke Greek to the townspeople, and attended philosophical lectures. Tiberius tried earlier to return to Rome when his tribunician power ended, but his petition was denied: thenceforth he was referred to as The Exile. After Lucius Caesar died in 2 CE, Tiberius mother Livia arranged for his recall, but to do that, Tiberius had to renounce all political aspirations. However, in 4 CE after all other likely successors had died, Augustus adopted his step-son Tiberius, who in turn had to adopt his nephew Germanicus. For this, Tiberius received tribunician power and a share of Augustuss power and then came home to Rome. Later Military Accomplishments and Ascension to Emperor Tiberius was given tribunician power for three years, during which time his responsibilities would be to pacify Germany and suppress the Illyrian revolt. The German pacification ended in disaster in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (9 CE), when an alliance of Germanic tribes destroyed three Roman legions and their auxiliaries, led by Publius Quinctilius Varus. Tiberius did achieve complete submission of the Illyrians, for which he was voted a triumph. He postponed the triumph celebration out of deference to Varus disaster in Germany: but after two years more in Germany, he settled things and put on a triumphal banquet with 1,000 tables. With the sale of his spoils, he restored the temples of Concord and Castor and Pollux. As a result, in 12 CE, the consuls awarded Tiberius joint control of the provinces (co-princeps) with Augustus. When Augustus died, Tiberius, as tribune, convened the Senate where a freedman read Augustus will naming Tiberius as successor. Tiberius called on the praetorians to provide him a bodyguard  but didnt take the title of emperor immediately nor even his inherited title of Augustus. Tiberius as Emperor At first, Tiberius despised sycophants, intervened in matters of state to check abuses and excesses, abolished Egyptian and Jewish cults in Rome, and banished astrologers. He consolidated the Praetorians for efficiency, crushed city riots, and abolished the right of sanctuary. However, his reign turned sour when informers accused Roman men and women of many, even silly crimes that led to capital punishment and confiscation of their estates. In 26 CE, Tiberius exiled himself to Capri, leaving the empire in control of his Socius Laborum (partner of my labors), Lucius Aelius Sejanus. In Capri, Tiberius stopped fulfilling his civic obligations  but instead engaged in licentious acts. Most notorious is his training of little boys to act as nipping minnows or tiddlers, to chase him when he went swimming in the imperial pool, nibbling between his legs. Tiberius mean and vengeful streak caught his erstwhile confidant, Sejanus, accused of conspiracy against the emperor. Sejanus was executed for treason in 31 CE. Until Sejanus was destroyed, people had blamed him for the excesses of the emperor, but with his death, the blame rested solely on Tiberius. The empire continued to run on without the direct input of the emperor, who remained in Capri. During Tiberius exile in Capri, Gaius (Caligula) came to live with Tiberius, who was his adopted grandfather. Tiberius included Caligula as joint heir in his will. The other heir was Tiberius brother Drusus child, still a teenager. Death Tiberius died on March 16, 37 CE, at age 77. He had ruled for nearly 23 years. According to Tacitus, when it looked as though Tiberius would die naturally, Caligula tried to take sole control of the empire. Tiberius, however, recovered. At the request of Caligula, the head of the Praetorian Guard, Macro, stepped in and had the old emperor smothered. Caligula was named emperor. Sources Balmaceda, Catalina. The Virtues of Tiberius in Velleius Histories. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte 63.3 (2014): 340–63.Rutledge, Steven H. Tiberius Philhellenism. The Classical World 101.4 (2008): 453–67.Seager, Robin. Tiberius. 2nd edition. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1972, 2005.  Syme, Ronald. History or Biography. The Case of Tiberius Caesar. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte 23.4 (1974): 481–96.

Biometrics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biometrics - Term Paper Example 3). The biometric facial recognition process The process of facial recognition occurs in five steps. The first step involves capturing the image. The image can either be a scan of a previously captured image or a photograph that has been captured live by the use of a digital video camera. Videos are also possible sources of facial images. The second step involves searching for the location of the face within the image. This process involves using the mouth and two eyes positioned in the shape of an oval. In the third stage, the face is removed from the rest of the image. To do this, various optional methods are available. When the face has been extracted it is now known as a template whose characteristic data is in a reduced form. The fourth stage involves the comparison of the already obtained templates with other pre-recorded faces on a database. The fifth and final stage is a declaration of matches based on the strength of the scores generated from the comparison (Woodward et al. 8) Security of biometric facial recognition Despite the many benefits associated with the use of this technology there are also some risks pertaining to its use. Like any other technology requiring the use of the internet for data transmission, privacy is a major concern. The social media sites are the major areas where privacy of the images generated through this technology may be used inappropriately leading to violation of user’s privacy rights. The biometric data may also reach the wrong people leading to problems such as identity theft or online stalking (Iowa State University 1). Application of biometric facial recognition Access control Facial recognition has been used to deny access to unauthorized persons to restricted locations or systems. It can be used to control entry into computer systems in place of a user password whereby the computers are provided with an inbuilt camera with the capability to identify faces. The technology has been used to control access to r estricted documents as well as authorization to carry out certain transactions. A good example is the use of face verification in cheque-cashing kiosks. Automatic Teller Machines are also fitted with cameras for the purpose of authentication. Financial institutions such as banks also use this technology for the purpose of access control (Senior and Bolle 108). Identification In combination with human identification and demographics, face recognition has found application in enrollment of applicants whereby it has been used to prevent double or multiple enrolment by use of different identities. It is also used in the process of issuing licenses and other legal documents to avoid the problem of people having multiple identities. Surveillance Video surveillance footages of certain occurrences such as crime have been used as sources of the images which can be analyzed through face recognition to identify individuals involved. Live images of face recognition surveillance have been used t o identify interesting persons within a group (Senior and Bolle 109). Pervasive computing The passive nature of face recogniti

Is it ever acceptable to justify unethical behavior Why or why not Essay

Is it ever acceptable to justify unethical behavior Why or why not - Essay Example As long as the law of their country does not forbid them from indulging in a certain kind of practice, they do not have any reason not to execute that act. Although to lie when the circumstances are dire might be appropriate, yet to decide the level of direness involved in certain circumstances is complicated. One might be able to call a certain situation as dire using one’s philosophical intelligence in an attempt to justify one’s unethical behavior (Vora, 2012). While to lie when a life can be saved with it might be appropriate, but there is a lot of subjectivity about the appropriateness of lying when a child lies to save his mother the grief that the truth is likely to cause. Hence, to lie when the outcome is very positive might even be ethically justified, though the perceived level of positivity varies from one individual’s point of view to that of another. So sometimes, it is acceptable to justify unethical behavior because the outcome might be very favora ble or the act might be